Rabies Alert: How to Save Lives After a Dog Bite — A Complete Guide.

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1. Introduction

Rabies is a really dangerous viral disease brought about by Lyssavirus. That belongs to the family of Rhabdoviridae. It attacks the Central Nervous System (CNS) in, among other species, humans. After the pre-clinical signs appear; death is nearly a done deal.



2. Transmission

The main route is through the saliva of the infected animal, mostly by a bite or a deep scratch. Common carriers in Pakistan are:

>Stray Dogs (99% of human cases)

> Cats, Bats, and Jackals.

3. Clinical Signs in Animals

Furious Form:

 acute aggressiveness, biting inanimate objects, and excessive salivation (e.g., foaming at mouth) are its main characteristics.

Dumb Form: 

Paralysis of the jaw causes the inability to swallow and the face to look like it has a dropped jaw.

Hydrophobia: 

The patient has a fear of water due to a tense throat. (This specific symptom can be seen in humans only).

4. Pathogenesis

The virus is introduced to the body through muscle tissues when a person is bitten by an animal carrying the virus. It stays in the raised spot for a while (i.e., Incubation period) before continuing its journey along the Peripheral Nerves to the Spinal Cord and ultimately the Brain. After making its way to the salivary glands, the animal becomes infected

5. Life-Saving Protocol (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis - PEP)

If bitten by a suspected rabid animal:

Wound Washing: Immediately wash the wound with soap and running water for 15 minutes. This treatment can eliminate 80-90% of the virus.

Anti-Rabies Vaccine (ARV): 

Be sure to get the treatment (Day 0, 3, 7, 14, 28).

RIG (Immunoglobulin):

 In deep bites (Category III), RIG has to be injected in the wound directly.

"Never wait for symptoms to appear"

"Follow VetInsight PK for more expert veterinary research."

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