VetInsight Pakistan

1. Introduction The canine viral gastroenteritis is undergoing dynamic changes with the detection of new viral pathogens. Among these, Canine Kobuvirus ( CaKoV ) has been recognized as an important, though poorly studied, agent in canine viral gastroenteritis. Though Canine Parvovirus (CPV) and Canine Coronavirus (CCoV) are recognized as major viral pathogens in canine viral gastroenteritis, the detection rate of CaKoV in infected dogs indicates that it is probably playing an active role in canine enteric viral disease. 2. Viral Taxonomy and Genetic Diversity CaKoV is classified as a member of the Kobuvirus genus in the family Picornaviridae . The viral genome is 8.2 kb in length and consists of a single open reading frame (ORF) that codes for a polyprotein that is subsequently cleaved into structural and non-structural proteins.  • Genetic Characterization:  The viral genome has been found to possess considerable genetic diversity . The detection of unique viral lineages in...

Introduction Canine Astrovirus (CaAstV), also known as Small Virus, is a small, non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus . It is often present in co-infections with Parvovirus or Coronavirus and is one of the main culprits in the Canine Infectious Diarrhea Complex . It is also one of the oldest viruses but still considered a "sneaky" disease that owners often do not even think of. the name "Astrovirus" comes from the Greek word 'astron' , meaning star, because of its shape under a microscope.  Transmission and Pathogenesis Canine Astrovirus is mainly spread by the fecal-oral method . Once it is ingested, it infects the mature enterocyte cells located at the tips of the microvilli in the intestine, leading to: Malabsorption Osmotic Diarrhea Villous Atrophy (shortening of the microvilli) Clinical Signs It is often subclinical in adult dogs but in puppies or immunocompromised dogs, the symptoms include: Watery Diarrhea Vomiting Lethargy and Anorexia Growth ...