Mun-Khur (FMD) Alert: How to Protect Your Dairy Herd from Economic Loss.

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 Introduction

Foot and Mouth Disease is one of the ten most infectious diseases of hoofed animals (generally refers to animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats) and is caused by an Aphthovirus. The trouble is, this virus is not so much of a killer for the adult animals as it is a "Production Death" in that it makes milk production lower and often causes permanent lameness. 


1.Transmission:

Now a day, it is frequent pathogenic organism dissemination in the following ways:

1.1 Aerosol: 

In the air (this kind of transport is possible for a long distance).

1.2 Direct Contact: 

Transmission by saliva, milk, or semen from infected animals.

1.3 Fomites: 

Contaminated shoes, vehicles, or farm applications.

2. Clinical Signs (The Diagnosis)

As a veterinarian, you must carefully look at these pathognomonic sympotoms:

2.1 Vesicles (blisters): 

On the tongue, dental pad, and gums.

2.2 Excessive Salivation: 

"Ropey" saliva hanging from the mouth.

2.3 Foot Lesions: 

Blisters between the hooves (interdigital space) that lead to severe lameness.


2.4 High Fever: 

that is often 104-106°F.

2.5 Teat Lesions: 

Sometimes, this can lead to secondary Mastitis.

4. Pathogenesis

The virus is inhaled or ingested, multiplies in the pharynx and later migrates through the bloodstream (Viremia) to the mammary glands, feet, and mouth, where it creates vesicles filled with fluid.

5. Treatment (Supportive Care)

As it is viral, there is no direct remedy. We handle the signs:

Wound Dressing:

 Cleaning lesions in the mouth and foot with Potassium Permanganate (Lal Dawai) or Boric acid.

Antibiotics: 

For the protection against secondary bacterial infections.

Anti-pyretics: 

For controlling fever and pain.

Soft Feed:

 Giving green fodder since the mouth is too sore for dry straw.

6. Prevention & Control

Vaccination: 

The only real answer. In Pakistan, Trivalent or Polyvalent vaccines (covering O, A, and Asia-1 strains) are used.

Ring Vaccination: 

The method of vaccinating all livestock within a blast 10km radius.

Biosecurity: 

During an outbreak, the restriction of people and animals' movements will be observed.

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