LSD Alert in Pakistan: How to Save Your Dairy Cows from Skin Nodules and Fever.

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 1. Introduction

Lumpy Skin Disease is the result of a Neethling virus (Capripoxvirus) infection. Its main hosts are cattle and water buffaloes. It is delineated by the manifestation of fever and the development of stiff, distinct edges nodes on the skin.



2. Transmission 

In contrast to the FMD virus, the LSD virus is primarily transmitted by Biting Insects (Vectors): 

>Mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) 

>Biting flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) 

>Ticks 

3. Clinical Signs

Skin Nodules: 

2-5 cm wide lumps are formed all over the body, particularly on the head, neck, and udder. 

Edema: 

Swelling of the legs as well as brisket area. 

Secondary Infection:

 These lumps may dissolve into open sores (ulcers), which attract flies and lead to myiasis (maggots). 

Milk Drop:

 Severe curtailment in milk production along with high fever (106°F).

4. Pathogenesis

The insect bite is the main entrance of the virus which is no longer then brought to the nearby lymph nodes after which it is introduced in the circulating blood (Viremia). It has a predilection for the skin and mucous membranes, leading to the lesions with the typical "lumpy" appearance. 

5. Prevention & Management

Vector Control:

 This is essential! Don't forget the use of insect repellents and insecticides in the shed.

Vaccination:

 Homologous (LSD) or Heterologous (Sheep Pox) vaccines are used for protection.

Wound Care: 

The antiseptics’ washing of the nodules is very useful in preventing maggots.

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