Gal Ghotu (HS) Prevention: How to Protect Your Livestock During the Monsoon Season.

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 1. Introduction

Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) is a major bacterial infection of cattle and buffaloes brought about by Pasteurella multocida (Serotype B:2 and E:2). The features of this condition are high fever, acute respiratory distress, and a very high death rate. 



2. Transmission & Risk Factors

The bacteria often reside in the upper respiratory tract of healthy animals as "Commensals." When an animal is under Stress (e.g., sudden weather change, transport, or high humidity in the monsoon), the bacteria start to multiply rapidly and enter the bloodstream. 

3. Clinical Signs 

High Fever: 

105°F - 107°F.

Submandibular Edema: 

Severe swelling under the jaw and throat (Gal Ghotu).

Respiratory Distress: 

Loud, painful breathing (Grunted breathing) and frothing from the mouth.

Recumbency: 

The animal falls down and usually dies within 24-48 hours.

4. Pathogenesis (The Septicaemic Phase)

​Once the bacteria reach the blood, they release Endotoxins. These toxins damage the blood vessels, leading to widespread bleeding (Hemorrhages) in internal organs and the accumulation of fluid (Edema) in the throat region, which eventually causes suffocation.

​5. Diagnosis & Treatment

​Diagnosis: 

Clinical signs and "Bipolar Staining" of bacteria under the microscope (Leishman or Gram stain).

​Treatment: 

Antibiotics like Ceftiofur, Oxytetracycline, or Sulfa drugs are effective, but only if given in the very early stages.

​Prevention:

 Vaccination is the ONLY way. Animals should be vaccinated twice a year (before Monsoon and before Winter).


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